Omar Smail, Bernard Cousin, Zoulikha Mekkakia, and Rachida Mekki (2014)
A Multipath Energy-Conserving Routing Protocol for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Lifetime Improvement
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (Section: Green Wireless Communications, Theory and Practice 2014(139):1 – 22.
Ad hoc networks are wireless mobile networks that can
operate without infrastructure and without centralized
network management. Traditional techniques of routing are
not well adapted. Indeed, their lack of reactivity with
respect to the variability of network changes makes them
difficult to use. Moreover, conserving energy is a critical
concern in the design of routing protocols for ad hoc
networks, because most mobile nodes operate with limited
battery capacity, and the energy depletion of a node
affects not only the node itself but also the overall
network lifetime. In all proposed single-path routing
schemes a new path-discovery process is required once a
path failure is detected, and this process causes delay and
wastage of node resources. A multipath routing scheme is an
alternative to maximize the network lifetime. In this
paper, we propose an energy-efficient multipath routing
protocol, called AOMR-LM (Ad hoc On-demand Multipath
Routing with Lifetime Maximization), which preserves the
residual energy of nodes and balances the consumed energy
to increase the network lifetime. To achieve this goal, we
used the residual energy of nodes for calculating the node
energy level. The multipath selection mechanism uses this
energy level to classify the paths. Two parameters are
analyzed: the energy threshold, and the decision
coefficient. These parameters are required to classify the
nodes and to ensure the preservation of node energy. Our
protocol improves the performance of mobile ad hoc networks
by prolonging the lifetime of the network. This novel
protocol has been compared with other protocols: AOMDV and
ZD-AOMDV. The protocol performance has been evaluated in
terms of network lifetime, energy consumption, and
end-to-end delay